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1.
Arq. Inst. Biol. (Online) ; 78(1): 147-150, jan-mar, 2011. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1396467

ABSTRACT

Com o objetivo de estudar o impacto de inseticidas na redução da entomofauna benéfica na cultura algodoeira, conduziu-se um experimento na região Oeste da Bahia nos anos de 2002/2003. Dois sistemas de manejo foram adotados, o Manejo Integrado de Pragas (MIP) e o sistema convencional realizado na fazenda onde o experimento foi instalado. As populações de Orius spp., Chrysoperla externa, Sirfideos e Coccinelideos foram monitoradas por 19 semanas consecutivas, utilizando-se o pano de batida, com 100 batidas de pano por levantamento em cada um dos sistemas de cultivo. Estimou-se uma regressão linear para cada espécie monitorada, em cada sistema, tomando-se como variável independente o tempo, número de semanas, e como variável dependente a população de insetos, representada pela média das contagens dos 100 pontos de batida de pano em cada levantamento. Para as espécies em estudo, constatou-se que as taxas de crescimento representadas nas inclinações das retas de regressão foram sempre superiores no MIP.


Aiming to study the impact of insecticides on beneficial insects in the cotton crop, we conducted an experiment in the western region of state of Bahia, Brazil, in the 2002/2003 season. Two management systems were compared: the Integrated Pest Management (IPM) and the conventional system, conducted at the farm where the experiment was installed. The populations of Orius spp, Chrysoperla externa, syrphid flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) and coccinellids (Coeloptera: Coccinellidae) were monitored for 19 consecutive weeks, using a beat cloth, beat 100 times per week at each cropping system. The evaluation was made based on linear regression for each species monitored in each system, taking "time," the number of weeks, as the independent variable, and, as the dependent variable, the insect population, represented by the average of the counts of the 100 beat cloth points in each survey. For these species, it was found that the growth rates given by the slopes of regression lines were always higher in the IPM.


Subject(s)
Pest Control/methods , Gossypium/parasitology , Insecticides/adverse effects , Biodiversity
2.
Braz. j. biol ; 66(2b): 587-602, May 2006. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-433144

ABSTRACT

A sucessão secundária em áreas degradadas é pouco estudada, principalmente em relação ao acompanhamento dos processos evolutivos por longo período. O objetivo deste trabalho foi de verificar as mudanças qualitativas e quantitativas da vegetação durante o processo de regeneração após fogo em um cerrado com fisionomia de cerradão. A área estudada pertence a uma reserva institucional da CPPSE EMBRAPA, São Carlos, SP, Brasil. No ano de 1981 ocorreu um incêndio de proporções elevadas eliminando todo o folhedo e o dossel. O acompanhamento foi realizado em três parcelas fixas de 2 x 20 m ao longo de vinte anos. Os resultados demonstraram um rápido estabelecimento de indivíduos sucessivamente com plantas herbáceas, arbustivas, lianas e arbóreas, uma grande riqueza em espécies e, depois de determinado tempo, uma regressão em densidade na mesma ordem de estabelecimento. O banco de sementes do solo e o rebrotamento subterrâneo tiveram papel importante na recuperação da vegetação. No processo sucessional ocorreram três fases sucessivas: estabelecimento de plantas; competição intra-específica devido ao reajuste no número de indivíduos por espécies e competição interespecífica com a eliminação de algumas espécies das parcelas. As populações analisadas apresentaram padrões semelhantes de comportamento e a maior ou menor densidade ao longo do tempo refletiu o comportamento ecológico das espécies.


Subject(s)
Fires , Plants/growth & development , Brazil , Population Density , Plants/classification
3.
Braz. j. biol ; 63(3): 527-536, Aug. 2003. mapas, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-353976

ABSTRACT

A map of the native vegetation remaining in São Carlos County was built based on aerial images, satellite images, and field observations, and a projection of the probable original vegetation was made by checking it against soil and relief surveys. The existing vegetation is very fragmented and impoverished, consisting predominantly of cerrados (savanna vegetation of various physiognomies), semideciduous and riparian forest, and regeneration areas. Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze, found in patches inside the semideciduous forest beginning at a minimum altitude of 850 m, has practically disappeared. By evaluating areas on the map for different forms of vegetation, we obtained the following results for original coverage: 27 percent cerrado (sparsely arboreal and short-shrub savanna, and wet meadows); 16 percent cerradäo (arboreal savanna); 55 percent semideciduous and riparian forests; and 2 percent forest with A. angustifolia. There are now 2 percent cerrados; 2.5 percent cerradäo; 1 percent semideciduous forest and riparian forests; 1.5 percent regeneration areas; and 0 percent forest with A. angustifolia.


Subject(s)
Genetic Variation , Trees , Brazil , Population Density
4.
Rev. bras. biol ; 60(4): 551-562, Nov. 2000. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-303328

ABSTRACT

The Baturité Mountain Range, located in the State of Ceará (BRA), displays on its highest levels a vegetation viewed as a disjunction from the Atlantic Forest in the East of Brazil. Among the various attributes associated with this vegetation, the abundance of water resources and a high biodiversity have a more outstanding relevance. However, in view of the current accelerated deforestation process, those attributes may be threatened in a near future. Therefore, the present work is a comparative study with its focus on vegetal community organization (tree sinusiae) and the floristic similarity and the phytodiversity of two areas in different successive stages, preserved and deforested 24 years ago. The aim of that intent was to obtain information that could essentially shed light on the deforestation effects on tree vegetation and which could suggest scientific support regarding urgent projects of habitat reconstruction. The methodology used folowed the model utilized for rain forest, i.e. consisting of a random distribution of 10 x 20 m plots surveying the living woody species with DBH > or = 5 cm. The results obtained suggest that a possible new physiognomy type is emerging on the Baturite Mountain Range because of deforestation. The Myrtaceae and Mimosaceae families were the ones that contributed most significantly to species richness, being the most outstanding for Areas 1 and 2, respectively. The deforestation which occurred in Area 2 eliminated 28 species and gave birth to a current densely distinct floristic composition


Subject(s)
Trees/physiology , Ecosystem , Brazil , Conservation of Natural Resources , Species Specificity , Tropical Climate
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